Background: Aberrant activation of the Ras/Raf-1/extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway has been shown to be involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of dysregulation of ERK activation is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of novel 3D-organocopper supramolecular coordination polymer (SCP) on invasive potential of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to explore the underlying mechanism. Chemoprevention could represent an important means to inhibit the process of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Methods: The inhibitory effect of SCP compound on hepatoma cells was evaluated by the examination of HCC chemically induced liver tissues and specific pathway inhibition was examined by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Recently, we identified the newly synthesized SCP as a potent inhibitor of the Ras/Raf-1/ERK pathway. In this study, we found that the expression levels of ERK1 and-2 in chemically induced HCC tissue was frequently decreased in response to SCP treatment, comparing with those untreated with SCP compound. Moreover, ERK expression levels in HCC tissue were frequently correlated with the incidence of tumor invasion and metastasis. Increased expression of beta catenin in liver tissue, which was associated with increased ERK activation. P-ERK1/2 overexpression also reduced the expression of E-cadherin, which play important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis.
Conclusion: We concluded that SCP can effectively inhibit the invasive potential of ERK signaling pathway and
ERK could be not only a novel prognostic factor but also a new therapeutic target for human HCC.

Thymol and menthol are naturally occurring plant derived compounds, which have excellent pharmaceutical and antimicrobial applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy on physical and structural characteristics of thymol and menthol. The control and biofield treated compounds (thymol and menthol) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). XRD study revealed increase in intensity of the XRD peaks of treated thymol, which was correlated to high crystallinity of the treated sample. The treated thymol showed significant increase in crystallite size by 50.01% as compared to control. However, the treated menthol did not show any significant change in crystallite size as compared to control. DSC of treated menthol showed minimal increase in melting temperature (45ºC) as compared to control (44ºC). The enthalpy (ΔH) of both the treated compounds (thymol and menthol) was decreased as compared to control samples which could be due the high energy state of the powders. TGA analysis showed that thermal stability of treated thymol was increased as compared to control; though no change in thermal stability was noticed in treated menthol. FT-IR spectrum of treated thymol showed increase in wave number of –OH stretching vibration peak (14 cm-1) as compared to control. Whereas, the FT-IR spectrum of treated menthol showed appearance of new stretching vibration peaks in the region of 3200-3600 cm-1 which may be attributed to the presence of hydrogen bonding in the sample as compared to control. Overall, the result showed that biofield treatment has substantially changed the structural and physical properties of thymol and menthol.

Noscapine (narcotine) is an opium alkaloid, isolated from Papaver somniferum L. Noscapine is being used in clinical trials for curing cancer. Till date researchers mainly discussed the erythro form of noscapine but in the present work the authors have discussed the erythro as well as threo form of noscapine. In the present work, library of 11 derivatives of noscapine from each of threo- and erythro- isomer was created and virtually screened for their chemotherapeutic efficacy on Tyrosine Kinase Domain from Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (PDB-1M14). The interaction between Ty- rosine Kinase Domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and noscapines was studied by means of docking based on lowest binding energy and top pharma score and Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation. It was found erythro form aminonoscapine (13) have higher binding affinity against the Tyrosine Kinase Domain and further, MD simulation was performed. Compound 13 showed acceptable hydrophobicity and solubility value. Further, threo form of nitronoscapine
(11) also showed good interaction based on docking, simulation and comes out to be acceptable like a drug based on hydrophobicity and solubility value.

Research has done to prepare Diclofenac Sodium quick dissolving tablets by Hole technol- ogy. Once these quick dissolving tablets contact with gastro enteric fluids, the fluid can enter the hole within the tablet and immediate breaking of the tablet goes to take place. This quick disintegration of tablets is additionally influenced by the formation of latest absolute space.
The ready FDTs were subjected to numerous pre and post formulation studies. Its disintegration and dissolution rates were compared with the management formulation (without hole). In-vi- tro drug release of FDTs (DH6) showed virtually 100.92% of the drug was discharged at sixth minute, whereas the management formulation D12 shows the 99% drug release at 20th min- ute. Overall, this method is novel and most helpful for formulation into quick dissolving tablets.

Triazoles are an important class of compounds used as core molecule for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical drugs. The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole. The study was performed in two groups, control and treatment. The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treatment group. The control and treated 1,2,4-triazole were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA), Surface area analyzer, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed a decrease in unit cell volume of treated 1,2,4-triazole (662.08 10-24 cm3) as compared to control sample (666.34 10-24 cm3). Similarly, a decrease in molecular weight of treated 1,2,4-triazole (69.78 g/mol) with respect to control (70.23 g/mol) was observed. Additionally, a substantial decrease in crystallite size (G) was observed in treated 1,2,4-triazole by 16.34% with respect to control. DSC analysis showed a slight increase in melting temperature of treated 1,2,4-triazole (124.22°C) as compared to control (123.76°C). Moreover, a signif- icant increase in latent heat of fusion was noticed in treated 1,2,4-triazole by 21.16% as compared to control sample. TGA analysis showed a significant increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) of treated 1,2,4-triazole (213.40°C) as compared to control (199.68°C). Surface area analysis using BET showed a substantial increase in surface area of the treated compound by 13.52% with respect to control. However, FT-IR analysis showed no structural changes in treated 1,2,4-triazole with respect to control. Overall, the result showed significant alteration of physical and thermal properties of the treated 1,2,4-triazole with respect to control.